Global Thematic Evaluation of EU actions to counter disinformation and foreign interference and manipulation of information (FIMI)

This final report reviews EU external actions to counter disinformation and Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference (FIMI), assessing what worked across countries and how future programming can be more strategic, measurable and sustainable.

The evaluation reviews 45 FPI-funded actions (≈€100m since 2021) countering disinformation and Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference (FIMI) across Africa, Asia, Latin America and the EU neighbourhood/enlargement regions. Twelve actions were analysed in depth through desk review, surveys, interviews and field missions. Actions are relevant and benefit from FPI flexibility for deployment, but the portfolio is fragmented and reactive: many actions are stand-alone, weakly linked to an overarching EU counter-FIMI strategy, and cross-cutting themes are not systematically integrated.

Effectiveness is mixed. Activities were largely delivered, yet objectives and indicators were often over-ambitious or hard to measure, limiting evidence of outcomes. Results were stronger where locally credible partners and Delegations connected projects to policy priorities. Efficiency is generally good, but cost structures vary, duplication occurs (including tech/AI tools), and data protection/digital security safeguards can be unclear. EU added value lies in neutrality, scale and rapid response, while Team Europe coordination and lesson-sharing remain uneven. Sustainability is highest when outcomes are institutionally anchored, stand-alone platforms and networks often fade.

Recommendations: clarify strategy, integrate foresight, strengthen coordination with Delegations/Member States, reinforce outcome-oriented MEL, set light budgeting guidance, and require sustainability/exit planning.